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Saturday, May 27, 2017

Struggling for Stronger Energy Resources



Competition for the struggle of energy resources in the Asian region is getting tighter. Indonesia must compete with the big countries, such as India, China, Japan and South Korea, to secure energy supplies, especially oil and gas.

Executive Director of the Refor Miner Institute Komaidi Notonegoro said oil and gas reserves in Indonesia are continuing to decline as domestic consumption increases are not balanced by new reserves. If not immediately innovate to increase reserves through exploration, Indonesia will increasingly rely on energy imports from other countries.

"Currently, half of domestic fuel consumption is obtained from imports. Domestic production is only about 800,000 barrels per day, while its consumption reaches 1.6 million barrels per day, "Komaidi said in a discussion on national energy security held by Paramadina University on Tuesday (16/5) in Jakarta.

According to Komaidi, Indonesia's oil reserves of about 3 billion barrels are less than 1 percent of the world's oil reserves. The consumption of Indonesia's oil equivalent to 3 percent of world oil consumption. Meanwhile, Indonesia's oil production is only 0.2 percent of world oil production.

"With such mapping, Indonesia's energy security has not been so strong. Indonesia will depend more on imports if it does not take immediate action, "Komaidi said. "

Unfortunately, efforts to attract upstream oil and gas investors to Indonesia are not supported by a conducive system. Upstream oil and gas investment climate are still overshadowed by regulatory uncertainty, unstable political situation, and lack of fiscal incentives.

Head of Special Unit for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) Amien Sunaryadi acknowledges that upstream oil and gas regulation in Indonesia is often unattractive for investment. Investors will be more waiting to not invest because they fear there will be more rules change in the middle of the road.

"The inconsistency of the rule creates uncertainty. Investors are certainly worried and dare not take investment decisions. It is very necessary for investors is the legal certainty in business, "said Amien.

Regarding the depleting Indonesian oil and gas reserves, Indonesia must remain optimistic. There are still many potentially hydrocarbon-containing basins that have not been studied further. There are 74 basins mostly located in eastern Indonesia that have not been studied. "In essence, investors need not worry.

Countries such as Japan or South Korea that in fact importers of energy actually become a developed country. There are still many areas in Indonesia that have not been explored despite the need for cost and advanced technology, "said Amien.

Based on data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, throughout 2016, Indonesia's oil production of 820,000 barrels per day, while imports 780,000 barrels per day. The Indonesian LPG production is 2.1 million metric tons, while imports are 4.47 million metric tons.

Meanwhile, domestic gas production is 7,300 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD), while exported 2,400 MMSCFD. Along with rising consumption, Indonesia is estimated to deficit oil and gas in 2019.

IN INDONESIAN

Perebutan Sumber Energi Kian Ketat


Persaingan perebutan sumber energi di kawasan Asia kian ketat. Indonesia harus bersaing dengan negara-negara besar, seperti India, China, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan, untuk mengamankan pasokan energi, khususnya minyak dan gas bumi.

Direktur Eksekutif Refor Miner Institute Komaidi Notonegoro mengatakan, cadangan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia yang terus berkurang seiring naiknya konsumsi di dalam negeri tidak di imbangi oleh penemuan cadangan baru. Jika tidak segera melakukan inovasi untuk meningkatkan cadangan lewat eksplorasi, Indonesia akan semakin bergantung pada impor energi dari negara lain.

”Saat ini, setengah dari konsumsi bahan bakar minyak di dalam negeri didapatkan dari impor. Produksi di dalam negeri hanya sekitar 800.000 barrel per hari, sedangkan konsumsinya mencapai 1,6 juta barrel per hari,” kata Komaidi dalam diskusi tentang ketahanan energi nasional yang diselenggarakan Universitas Paramadina, Selasa (16/5), di Jakarta.

Menurut Komaidi, cadangan minyak Indonesia yang sekitar 3 miliar barrel tidak sampai 1 persen dari cadangan minyak dunia. Adapun konsumsi minyak Indonesia setara dengan 3 persen konsumsi minyak dunia. Sementara itu, produksi minyak Indonesia hanya 0,2 persen dari produksi minyak dunia.

”Dengan pemetaan seperti itu, ketahanan energi Indonesia belum begitu kuat. Indonesia akan lebih banyak bergantung pada impor jika tidak segera bertindak,” ujar Komaidi. "

Sayangnya, upaya menarik investor hulu minyak dan gas bumi ke Indonesia tidak didukung oleh sistem yang kondusif. Iklim investasi hulu minyak dan gas bumi masih dibayangi ketidakpastian peraturan, situasi politik yang tidak stabil, dan minimnya pemberian insentif fiskal.

Kepala Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SKK Migas) Amien Sunaryadi mengakui bahwa regulasi hulu migas di Indonesia yang sering berubah-ubah tidak menarik bagi investasi. Investor akan lebih banyak menunggu untuk tidak berinvestasi karena cemas akan ada perubahan aturan lagi di tengah jalan.

”Inkonsistensi aturan itu menimbulkan ketidakpastian. Investor tentu khawatir dan tidak berani mengambil keputusan investasi. Hal yang sangat diperlukan bagi investor adalah kepastian hukum dalam berbisnis,” kata Amien.

Soal cadangan migas Indonesia yang kian menipis, Indonesia harus tetap optimistis. Masih banyak cekungan-cekungan yang berpotensi mengandung hidrokarbon yang belum diteliti lebih lanjut. Ada 74 cekungan yang sebagian besar berada di wilayah timur Indonesia yang belum pernah diteliti. ”Intinya, investor tidak perlu cemas.

Negara semacam Jepang atau Korea Selatan yang notabene pengimpor energi justru menjadi negara maju. Masih banyak Wilayah di Indonesia yang belum dieksplorasi kendati itu perlu biaya dan teknologi maju,” ujar Amien. 

Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, sepanjang tahun 2016, produksi minyak Indonesia sebanyak 820.000 barrel per hari, sedangkan impornya 780.000 barrel per hari. Adapun produksi elpiji Indonesia sebanyak 2,1 juta metrik ton, sedangkan impornya 4,47 juta metrik ton.

Sementara itu, produksi gas domestik sebanyak 7.300 juta standar kaki kubik per hari (MMSCFD), sedangkan yang diekspor sebanyak 2.400 MMSCFD. Seiring dengan naiknya konsumsi, Indonesia diperkirakan defisit minyak dan gas bumi pada tahun 2019.

Kompas, Page-18, Wednesday, May, 17, 2017

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