Oil and gas investment in recent years has not been enthusiastic. Based on data from SKK Migas, investment realization in the first half of 2015 was only US $ 7.74 billion and in the first half of 2016 US $ 5.65 billion.
Lack of oil and gas investment continues until the first half of this year which only realized US $ 4.80 billion or 21.62% of target US$ 22.20 billion. Even the government projects the realization of investment until the end of this year only about US $ 13 billion or not far from the realization in 2016 (US $ 12.74 billion.
This year's auction of oil and gas working area expected to lift drilling investment is also quiet. There are 10 oil and gas blocks offered to contractors this year. Many people judge it because of low prices crude oil. In fact, the decline in oil prices are also followed by efficiency of operating costs such as increasingly competitive rates of oil and gas supporting services. Moreover, all countries in the world including Indonesia still need oil and gas.
So, it does not mean that oil and gas investment will decrease due to low oil prices alone, but many other factors such as legal certainty in business, fiscal incentives and disincentives. Gross profit sharing schemes (gross split), for example, become disincentives for contracting contractors.
Luckily, the government finally softened. After getting a negative response, the ESDM Ministry revised the Regulation of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 8/2017 on the Gross Split Revenue Contract.
Since regulation gross split was published on January 13, 2017, oil and gas contractors continue to speak loudly. In July 2017, Minister of ESDM Ignasius Jonan finally issued Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation no. 52/2017 as revised Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 8/2017.
Besides pressure and market, President Joko Widodo also reminded the minister to be careful in issuing new regulations. The regulations that narrow the investor space will not support government efforts to spur investment.
The new regulation shows there is an additional space for oil and gas production to contractors. However, again there is no certainty about the tax for gross split. The new government regulates taxation for profit-sharing schemes with cost recovery returns regulated by Government Regulation no. 27/2017 on Recoverable Operating Costs and Government Regulation on Oil and Gas Upstream
Business.
But there is no detail about taxation in oil and gas contract using gross split scheme. Revision of the gross split scheme has provided fresh air for oil and gas investment in the country. Gross split sharing contract is a scheme with a gross profit share without any operating cost recovery mechanism.
The basic basis of gross split distribution for oil is 57% (government) and 43% (contractor), for gas 52%: 48%. Currently, there is still a block of oil and gas using the gross split scheme, Offshore North West Java Block (ONWJ) signed on January 18, 2017. There will be eight other oil and gas blocks that will be managed by PT Pertamina with a gross split scheme.
In the new rules, there are some important points. First, the space for the addition of the contractor's share through ministerial discretion is not restricted as in the previous regulation maximum of 5%.
Second, the percentage increase of some profit-sharing variables for the contractor as in the development phase in the plan of development (PoD) II of 3% and if no POD split remains 0%, in contrast to the previous regulation which is reduced to 0.5 % for contractors.
Thirdly, the profit-sharing variable related to oil and gas prices uses the formula. Furthermore, it should be immediately ascertained about the regulation of taxation in the form of government regulations. It is also necessary to ensure the points in the revision of Law no. 22/2001 on Oil and Gas. Do not let the revision even create more uncertainty for the contractor.
In Indonesia
Gross Split
Investasi migas dalam beberapa tahun terakhir belum bergairah. Berdasarkan data SKK Migas, realisasi investasi pada semester I/2015 hanya US$ 7,74 miliar dan pada semester I/2016 sebesar US$ 5,65 miliar.
Sepinya investasi migas berlanjut hingga paruh pertama tahun ini yang hanya terealisasi US$ 4,80 miliar atau 21,62% dari target US$ 22,20 miliar. Bahkan pemerintah memproyeksikan realisasi investasi hingga akhir tahun ini hanya sekitar US$ 13 miliar atau tidak jauh dari realisasi pada 2016 (US$ 12,74 miliar).
Lelang wilayah kerja migas pada tahun ini yang diharapkan dapat mengangkat investasi pengeboran juga sepi peminat. Ada 10 blok migas yang ditawarkan kepada kontraktor pada tahun ini. Banyak kalangan menilai hal itu disebabkan rendahnya harga minyak mentah. Padahal, penurunan harga minyak juga diikuti efisiensi biaya operasi seperti tarif jasa penunjang migas yang semakin kompetitif. Apalagi seluruh negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia masih membutuhkan migas.
Jadi, bukan berarti investasi migas akan turun karena rendahnya harga minyak semata, melainkan banyak faktor lain seperti kepastian hukum dalam berusaha, insentif dan disinsentif fiskal. Faktor skema bagi hasil kotor (gross split) misalnya, menjadi disinsentif bagi para kontraktor kontrak kerja sama.
Beruntung, pemerintah akhirnya melunak. Setelah mendapatkan respons negatif, Kementerian ESDM merevisi Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 8/2017 tentang Kontrak Bagi Hasil Gross Split.
Sejak regulasi gross split terbit pada 13 Januari 2017, kontraktor migas terus bersuara keras. Pada Juli 2017, Menteri ESDM Ignasius Jonan akhirnya menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 52/2017 sebagai revisi Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 8/2017.
Selain tekanan dan pasar, Presiden Joko Widodo pun sempat mengingatkan agar menteri berhati-hati dalam mengeluarkan regulasi baru. Regulasi yang mempersempit ruang investor tidak akan mendukung upaya pemerintah untuk memacu investasi.
Regulasi baru itu menunjukkan ada ruang penambahan bagi hasil produksi migas bagi kontraktor. Namun, lagi-lagi belum ada kepastian soal pajak untuk gross split. Pemerintah baru mengatur perpajakan untuk skema bagi hasil dengan pengembalian biaya operasi (cost recovery) yang diatur Peraturan Pemerintah No. 27/2017 tentang Biaya Operasi yang Dapat Dikembalikan dan Peraturan Pemerintah di Bidang Usaha Hulu Migas.
Namun belum ada detail soal perpajakan dalam kontrak migas yang menggunakan skema gross split. Revisi skema gross split telah memberikan angin segar bagi investasi migas di Tanah Air. Kontrak bagi hasil gross split merupakan skema dengan bagi hasil produksi kotor tanpa ada mekanisme pengembalian biaya operasi.
Basis dasar pembagian gross split untuk minyak 57% (pemerintah) dan 43% (kontraktor), untuk gas 52%:48%. Saat ini, masih satu blok migas yang menggunakan skema gross split, yaitu Blok Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) yang diteken pada 18 Januari 2017.
Akan ada delapan blok migas lainnya yang akan dikelola PT Pertamina dengan skema gross split.
Dalam peraturan barunya, terdapat beberapa poin penting. Pertama, ruang penambahan bagi hasil kontraktor melalui diskresi menteri tidak dibatasi seperti pada peraturan sebelumnya maksimum 5%.
Kedua, kenaikan persentase beberapa variabel bagi hasil bagi kontraktor seperti pada fase pengembangan dalam rencana pengembangan lapangan (plan of development/PoD) II sebesar 3% dan bila tidak ada POD split tetap 0%, berbeda dengan peraturan sebelumnya yang justru menjadi pengurang 0,5% bagi kontraktor.
Ketiga, variabel bagi hasil terkait dengan harga migas menggunakan formula. Selanjutnya harus segera dipastikan soal regulasi perpajakan dalam bentuk peraturan pemerintah. Perlu dipastikan pula poin-poin dalam revisi Undang-Undang No. 22/2001 tentang Migas. Jangan sampai revisi malah membuat ketidakpastian lagi bagi kontraktor.
Bisnis Indonesia, Page-6, Monday, Sept 11, 2017
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