Auction 15 blocks of oil and gas
The government auctioned 15 conventional and non-conventional oil and gas blocks with a gross split scheme. This is the first auction since the new policy was implemented in January this year. The government is optimistic that the auction of oil and gas blocks with this new scheme is more attractive for investors.
Meanwhile, to further encourage oil and gas investment with a gross split contract scheme, the government this month will issue new rules on taxation. The rules will be regulated through a Government Regulation covering exploration incentives, incentives for unfavorable field exploitation, dismissal of the use of shared facilities and head office tax, interest transkrscheme, and clarity in the negative list.
Some of the incentives offered during the exploration period are import duty exemption, 100% value added tax exemption (VAT) and 100% of the land and building tax deductions that are payable in the Annual Income Tax Form (SPPT) during the exploration period. This was expressed by Vice Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Arcandra Tahar in Jakarta, Friday (7/7).
Arcandra asserted, the implementation of gross split contract is the government's effort to improve the investment climate of oil and gas from the commercial side. The proof, the implementation of this gross split contract on the Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) Block, is more attractive than the contract with the cost recovery scheme.
"Other evidence, eight termination blocks that also follow the gross split, are mostly also attractive," he said.
Seven of the eight termination blocks that use the gross split contract are said to remain economically viable. Only East Kalimantan Blocks are difficult to manage under this contract because of the substantial post-mining cost of funds.
The same is also expressed by the Director General of Oil and Gas Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, I Gusti Nyoman Wiratmaja Puja. According to him, the implementation of gross split contract in this auction has shown a change in investment interest. Since it opened last May, a number of companies are interested in following the auction of oil and gas blocks of the first phase of 2017.
"There are 12 companies that take the auction document," he said.
From the data of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources until July 6, the Andaman II Block is in demand by five companies. The East Tanimbar block is in demand by two companies, as well as the Mamberamo Blocks, Casks, West Yamdena, Pekawai, and Andaman I each targeted by one company.
The auction of oil and gas blocks will be closed in September 2017. For the work area offered through a direct offer scheme, the auction document's access limit will expire on Monday (10/7). Later, the clarification forum limit ended on Wednesday (12/7) and the deadline for submission of bidding documents until the following week, Monday (17/7).
Meanwhile, for regular auction schemes, the document access limit is September 15, 2017. Subsequently, the clarification forum on September 18, 2017 and the submission deadline of the offer document on September 25, 2017.
The 15 oil and gas blocks are auctioned consist of 10 conventional oil and gas blocks and five non-conventional oil and gas blocks. A total of 10 blocks of oil and gas have the potential of oil reserves of about 830 million barrels and 22 trillion cubic feet of gas. While the potential for oil for five non-conventional oil and gas blocks is about 640 million barrels and 17 trillion cubic feet of gas.
Map of Working Area Oil and Gas for KKKS
For conventional oil and gas blocks auctioned through direct offerings are the Andaman I and Iaman Block II offshore Aceh, South Tuna offshore Natuna, Merak Lampung offshore and Banten-Lampung mainland, Pekawai offshore East Kalimantan, West Yamdena off Beaches and mainland Maluku, and Kasuri III in West Papua
While offered with regular auctions are the Tongko Block offshore Natuna, East Tanimbar off the coast of Maluku, and Mamberano on the mainland and off the coast of Papua.
Furthermore, three non-conventional oil and gas blocks auctioned through direct offerings are MNK Jambi I in Jambi, MNK II in Jambi and Sumatra, and GMB West Air Komering in South Sumatra. Finally, GMB Raja and GMB Bungamas in South Sumatra are offered through regular auctions.
The production sharing contract (PSC) with the first gross split scheme was carried out with PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) for Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) Block in January this year. In the gross split system, the prevailing share split is owned by the government at 57% and the contractor gets 43% for petroleum.
While for gas, 52% state and 48% contractors. In this system, the percentage of revenue sharing will change based on variable and progressive components. In the old cost recovery contract, the average profit sharing is 85:15 for oil and 70:30 for gas, but no cost recovery can be recouped to the contractor (cost recovery).
If the cost charged to the government is included, historically the net government share with the average cost recovery system is 45%.
New Rules
Meanwhile, to further stimulate oil and gas investment with gross split system, Arcandra said, the government will issue new rules about taxation. During this time, concerning taxation, oil and gas contract refers to Government Regulation No. 79 of 2010. This disincentive rule has been revised by issuing Government Regulation 27 of 2017. However, this rule regulates taxation for PSC cost recovery
"We hear the aspirations of investors whether this gross split tax system can be like Government Regulation 27/2017. We are now preparing a new Government Regulation whose treatment is the same as Government Regulation 27 and this is being anticipated On KKKS (contractor of cooperation contract / KKKS), "he explained.
According to Arcandra, the revision of Government Regulation 79/2010 through Government Regulation No. 27/2017 shows the commitment of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources to guard the tax laws so that the oil and gas blocks remain stable, fair and fair, and efficiency and state revenues are also increasing.
Amendments to Government Regulation No. 27/2017 include exploration incentives, incentives for unfavorable field exploitation, dismissal of shared use and head office tax, interest transfer scheme, and clarity in the negative list.
"The exploration period is given tax incentives, such as exemption from import duty on imported goods, value added tax, and sales tax on luxury goods. In addition, the reduction of the land and building tax (PBB) 100% of which is payable in the Government Regulation during the exploration period, "said Arcandra.
During this time, Arcandra admitted, the application of taxation rules in this rule in gross split oil and gas contract is still gray, so there was a debate. Therefore, oil and gas companies operating in Indonesia require assertiveness that this Government Regulation to apply to gross split. The government then decided to make new rules.
"For that we work together with the Ministry of Finance and all parties to Government Regulation out as soon as possible. Sunday
Ahead there will be a hearing to discuss this, "he said.
Arcandra added that if the economy of oil and gas blocks is still considered insufficient, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources can provide an additional split of at most 5%. This is in accordance with Article 7 of Ministerial Regulation 8/2017. Meanwhile, for non-conventional oil and gas blocks, it automatically gets an additional split of 16%.
Specifically for non-conventional oil and gas blocks, through Article 9 of ESDM Minister Regulation No. 38/2015 on the acceleration of non-conventional oil and gas, the requirements of the development plan become more flexible.
In addition, the calculation of reserves for field development approvals does not require the existence of backup provisions. Not only that, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has and will continue to guard and ensure that the licensing and bureaucracy in the upstream oil and gas business is more simple, fast and efficient.
The Ministry has issued Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 29/2017 which simplifies oil and gas permits to only six licenses. Meanwhile, from the technical side, the ministry will improve data on oil and gas blocks.
"As much as possible the initial information relating to the seismic data we will open," said Arcandra.
The Indonesian Petroleum Association (IPA) previously proposed that the auction of oil and gas working area (WK) be postponed until the tax regulations on gross splits are issued.
Less attractive
IPA Executive Director Marjolijn Wajong said the tax laws would help to calculate the gross split more clearly. This is because the tax calculation in the scheme is closely related to the cost bearer. According to Wajong, the low interest of investors in the previous auction one of which triggered the gross split tax regulation that has not been published.
Meanwhile, Executive Director of the Center of Energy and Resources Indonesia (CERI) Yusri Usman said he was the first pessimist since the concept of gross split was recalled by Vice Minister of EMR Arcandra.
"In fact, many investors in the upstream oil and gas sector are withdrawing from the auction of oil and gas working area," Yusri said
He still sees a better cost recovery system and has been followed by 52 world oil producing countries.
"The result is very fair for the state and the contractors," he said.
He asserted that there should be a thorough review of the gross split from the legal certainty aspects of contract, economic and technical by modeling the economy, with sensitivity analysis on those parameters.
IN INDONESIA
Pemerintah Yakinkan Gross Split Lebih Atraktif
Pemerintah melelang 15 blok migas konvensional dan non-konvensional dengan skema bagi hasil kotor (gross split). lni merupakan Ielang pertama sejak kebijakan baru tersebut diterapkan pada Januari tahun ini. Pemerintah optimistis lelang blok migas dengan skema baru ini lebih atraktif bagi investor.
Sementara itu, untuk lebih mendorong investasi migas dengan skema kontrak gross split, pemerintah bulan ini akan menerbitkan aturan baru soal perpajakan. Aturan itu akan diatur melalui Peraturan Pemerintah yang meliputi insentif eksplorasi, insentif eksploitasi untuk lapangan tidak ekonomis, penghilangan pajak pemakaian fasilitas bersama dan pajak kantor pusat, interest transkrscheme, dan kejelasan dalam negative list.
Beberapa insentif yang ditawarkan selama masa eksplorasi adalah pembebasan bea masuk barang impor, pembebasan pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN), pembebasan pajak penjualan atas barang mewah (PPnBM) dan Pengurangan Pajak Bumi dan bangunan (PBB) 100% dari yang terutang dalam Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Tahunan (SPPT) selama masa eksplorasi. Hal itu diungkapkan Wakil Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) Arcandra Tahar di Jakarta, Jumat (7/7).
Arcandra menegaskan, pemberlakuan kontrak gross split merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk memperbaiki iklim investasi migas dari sisi komersial. Buktinya, penerapan kontrak gross split ini pada Blok Offshore North West Java (ONWJ), justru lebih atraktif dibanding kontrak dengan skema biaya investasi yang dapat dikembalikan (cost recovery).
“Bukti Iainnya, delapan blok terminasi yang juga mengikuti gross split, sebagian besar juga atraktif,” kata dia.
Tujuh dari delapan blok terminasi yang menggunakan kontrak gross split disebutnya tetap ekonomis. Hanya Blok East Kalimantan saja yang sulit dikelola dengan kontrak ini karena beban dana pasca tambang yang cukup besar.
Hal yang sama juga diungkapkan oleh Direktur Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi Kementerian ESDM, I Gusti Nyoman Wiratmaja Puja. Menurut dia, penerapan kontrak gross split dalam lelang kali ini telah menunjukkan perubahan minat investasi. Sejak dibuka pada Mei lalu, sejumlah perusahaan berminat mengikuti lelang blok migas tahap pertama 2017 ini.
“Ada 12 perusahaan yang mengambil dokumen lelang," ujarnya.
Dari data Kementerian ESDM hingga 6 Juli lalu, Blok Andaman II diminati oleh lima perusahaan. Blok East Tanimbar diminati dua perusahaan, serta Blok Mamberamo, Tongkol, West Yamdena, Pekawai, dan Andaman I masing-masing diincar oleh satu perusahaan.
Lelang blok migas ini akan ditutup pada September 2017 nanti. Untuk wilayah kerja yang ditawarkan melalui skema penawaran langsung, batas akses dokumen lelang akan berakhir pada Senin (10/7). Kemudian, batas forum klarifikasi berakhir pada Rabu (12/7) dan batas akhir penyerahan dokumen penawaran sampai pekan berikutnya, yakni Senin (17/7).
Sementara itu, untuk skema lelang reguler, batas akses dokumen adalah 15 September 2017. Selanjutnya, forum klarifikasi pada 18 September 2017 dan batas penyerahan dokumen penawaran pada 25 September 2017.
Adapun 15 blok migas yang dilelang terdiri atas 10 blok migas konvensional dan lima blok migas non-konvensional. Sebanyak 10 blok migas konvensional ini memiliki potensi cadangan minyak sekitar 830 juta barel dan gas 22 triliun kaki kubik. Sementara potensi minyak untuk lima blok migas non-konvensional sekitar 640 juta barel dan gas 17 triliun kaki kubik.
Untuk blok migas konvensional yang dilelang melalui penawaran langsung adalah Blok Andaman I dan Andaman II di lepas pantai Aceh, South Tuna di lepas pantai Natuna, Merak Lampung di lepas pantai dan daratan Banten-Lampung, Pekawai di lepas pantai Kalimantan Timur, West Yamdena di lepas pantai dan daratan Maluku, dan Kasuri III di Papua Barat
Sementara yang ditawarkan dengan lelang reguler adalah Blok Tongko di lepas pantai Natuna, East Tanimbar di lepas pantai Maluku, dan Mamberano di daratan dan lepas pantai Papua.
Selanjutnya, tiga blok migas non-konvensional dilelang melalui penawaran langsung adalah MNK Jambi I di Jambi, MNK II di Jambi dan Sumatera, serta GMB West Air Komering di Sumatera Selatan. Terakhir, GMB Raja dan GMB Bungamas di Sumatera Selatan ditawarkan melalui lelang reguler.
Kontrak kerja sama (production sharing contract/ PSC) dengan skema gross split pertama kali dilakukan dengan PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) untuk Blok Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) pada Januari tahun ini. Dalam sistem gross split, bagi hasil dasar (base split) yang berlaku adalah milik pemerintah sebesar 57% dan kontraktor mendapatkan 43% untuk minyak bumi.
Sementara untuk gas, jatah negara 52% dan kontraktor 48%. Dalam sistem ini, persentase bagi hasil akan berubah berdasarkan komponen variabel dan progresif. Dalam kontrak model lama (cost recovery), rata-rata bagi hasil 85:15 untuk minyak dan 70:30 untuk gas, tapi belum diperhitungkan biaya investasi yang dapat dikembalikan kepada kontraktor (cost recovery).
Bila biaya yang ditagihkan ke pemerintah itu dimasukkan, secara historis bagian pemerintah netto dengan sistem cost recovery rata-rata sebesar 45%.
Aturan Baru
Sementara itu, untuk semakin menggairahkan investasi migas dengan sistem gross split, Arcandra menuturkan, pemerintah akan menerbitkan aturan baru soal perpajakan.
Selama ini, menyangkut perpajakan, kontrak migas mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No 79 Tahun 2010. Aturan yang menjadi disinsentif ini telah direvisi pemerintah dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah 27 Tahun 2017. Hanya saja, aturan ini mengatur perpajakan untuk PSC cost recovery
“Kami mendengar aspirasi investor apakah gross split ini sistem perpajakannya bisa seperti Peraturan Pemerintah 27/2017. Sekarang kami sedang menyusun Peraturan Pemerintah baru yang treatment-nya sama dengan Peraturan Pemerintah 27 dan ini sedang ditunggu pada KKKS (kontraktor kontrak kerja sama/KKKS) ,” jelasnya.
Menurut Arcandra, revisi Peraturan Pemerintah 79/2010 melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27/2017 menunjukkan komitmen Kementerian ESDM mengawal aturan perpajakan sehingga keekonomian blok migas tetap baik, wajar, dan adil, serta terjadi efisiensi dan penerimaan negara juga tetap meningkat.
Perubahan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27/2017 meliputi insentif eksplorasi, insentif eksploitasi untuk lapangan tidak ekonomis, penghilangan pajak pemakaian fasilitas bersama dan pajak kantor pusat, interest transfer scheme, dan kejelasan dalam negative list.
“Masa eksplorasi dikasih insentif perpajakan, seperti pembebasan pemungutan bea masuk atas barang impor, pajak pertambahan nilai, dan pajak penjualan atas barang mewah. Selain itu juga pengurangan pajak bumi dan bangunan (PBB) 100% dari yang terutang dalam Peraturan Pemerintah selama masa eksplorasi,” kata Arcandra.
Selama ini, Arcandra mengakui, penerapan aturan perpajakan dalam aturan ini dalam kontrak migas gross split masih abu-abu, sehingga terjadi perdebatan. Karenanya, perusahaan migas yang beroperasi di Indonesia meminta ketegasan agar Peraturan Pemerintah ini agar berlaku pada gross split. Pemerintah kemudian memutuskan membuat aturan baru.
“Untuk itu kami kerja sama dengan Kementerian Keuangan dan semua pihak agar Peraturan Pemerintah keluar secepat mungkin. Minggu depan akan ada hearing untuk membahas ini,” tuturnya.
Arcandra menambahkan, jika keekonomian blok migas dinilai masih kurang, Menteri ESDM dapat memberikan tambahan split paling banyak 5%. Hal ini sesuai Pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri 8/2017. Sementara untuk blok migas non-konvensional otomatis mendapatkan tambahan split sebesar 16%.
Khusus blok migas non-konvensional, melalui Pasal 9 Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 38/2015 tentang percepatan migas non-konvensional, persyaratan rencana pengembangannya menjadi lebih fleksibel.
Selain itu, penghitungan cadangan untuk persetujuan pengembangan lapangan tidak mewajibkan adanya sertitikasi cadangan. Tidak hanya itu, Kementerian ESDM telah dan akan terus mengawal dan memastikan agar perizinan dan birokrasi di pengusahaan hulu migas semakin sederhana, cepat dan efisien.
Kementerian telah menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 29/2017 yang menyederhanakan izin migas menjadi hanya enam perizinan. Sementara dari sisi teknis, kementerian akan memperbaiki data blok migas.
“Sebanyak mungkin informasi-informasi awal yang berkaitan dengan data seismik akan kami buka,” kata Arcandra.
Asosiasi Perminyakan Indonesia (IPA) sebelumnya mengusulkan agar lelang wilayah kerja (WK) minyak dan gas ditunda hingga peraturan perpajakan mengenai gross split diterbitkan.
Kurang Menarik
Direktur Eksekutif IPA Marjolijn Wajong mengatakan, peraturan perpajakan akan membantu penghitungan gross split lebih jelas. Hal ini mengingat perhitungan pajak dalam skema tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan penanggung biaya. Menurut Wajong, rendahnya minat investor pada Ielang sebelumnya salah satunya dipicu peraturan perpajakan gross split yang belum terbit.
Sedangkan Direktur Eksekutif Center of Energy and Resources Indonesia (CERI) Yusri Usman mengatakan, dirinya adalah orang yang pertama pesimis sejak konsep gross split direnacakan oleh Wakil Menteri ESDM Arcandra.
“Faktanya banyak investor di sektor hulu migas yang menarik diri dari lelang wilayah kerja migas,” kata Yusri
Dia tetap melihat sistem cost recovery lebih baik dan telah diikuti oleh 52 negara produsen minyak dunia.
“Hasilnya sangat adil bagi negara dan pihak kontraktor,” katanya.
Dia menegaskan, seharusnya ada kajian yang menyeluruh terhadap gross split dari aspek kepastian hukum dalam kontrak, ekonomi dan teknis dengan membuat model keekonomiannya, dengan analisis sensitivitas terhadap parameter-parameter tersebut.
Investor Daily, Page-1 and 11, Saturday, July 8, 2017
